The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness, resilience, perceived organizational health climate (POHC), health-oriented leadership (HL), and job crafting in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, we investigated the indirect effect of resilience on the relationship between mindfulness and job crafting, and the moderating effects of POHC and HL on the mindfulness-resilience relationship. We conducted a two-wave (March and April, 2020) online survey to 301 South Korean full-time frontline employees. The Time 1 survey was designed to measure participants' mindfulness, resilience, POHC, and HL, whereas the Time 2 survey assessed job crafting. As predicted, resilience significantly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and job crafting. Of these two moderators, only POHC significantly moderated the relationship between mindfulness and resilience. The positive relationship between these two variables was more pronounced when POHC was high than when it was low. POHC moderated the indirect effect of mindfulness on job crafting through resilience. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of mindfulness in the pandemic context. This study is one of the first to describe the relevance of POHC in fueling the positive effects of mindfulness.